Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Understanding Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Causes, Treatments, and Next Steps

What Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer, developing from the squamous cells in the outermost layer of the skin. SCC often appears as a red, scaly patch, a firm bump, or a sore that doesn’t heal. While it usually grows slowly, SCC can be more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma and has the potential to spread to other areas of the body if left untreated.

What Causes Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

SCC is primarily caused by cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include:

• Chronic Sun Exposure: People who spend a lot of time outdoors without sun protection are at higher risk.
• Fair Skin and Light Features: Individuals with fair skin, freckles, light eyes, and blond or red hair are more susceptible.
• History of Sunburns: Repeated or severe sunburns increase the likelihood of SCC.
• Precancerous Skin Conditions: Actinic keratosis, a rough, scaly patch caused by sun damage, can develop into SCC.
• Weakened Immune System: People with suppressed immune systems (e.g., organ transplant recipients) are at greater risk.
• Radiation or Chemical Exposure: Previous radiation treatments or exposure to toxic chemicals may contribute to SCC.

How Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated?

Treatment for SCC depends on its size, location, and risk of spread:

• Surgical Excision: The tumor is surgically removed along with a margin of healthy skin.
• Mohs Surgery: A precise, layer-by-layer removal technique used for high-risk or facial SCCs.
• Curettage and Electrodessication: Scraping and cauterization for small, superficial SCCs.
• Cryotherapy: Freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen to destroy abnormal cells.
• Radiation Therapy: Used for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
• Topical Treatments: Prescription creams like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or imiquimod for early-stage SCC.
• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: For advanced SCC cases that have spread beyond the skin.

Schedule an Appointment with a CutisCo Dermatology Provider

Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. If you notice a persistent sore, a rough or scaly lesion, or a rapidly growing bump, seek expert care. Schedule an appointment with a CutisCo Dermatology provider today for a thorough skin evaluation and personalized treatment.