Melanoma

Understanding Melanoma: Causes, Treatments, and Next Steps

What Is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer, originating in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. While less common than basal and squamous cell carcinomas, melanoma is more aggressive and can spread rapidly to other parts of the body if not detected early. It often appears as an irregular, changing mole or dark spot but can develop anywhere on the body, including areas not exposed to the sun.

What Causes Melanoma?

Melanoma occurs when melanocytes undergo genetic mutations, leading to uncontrolled growth. Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing melanoma, including:

• Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Excessive sun exposure and tanning bed use significantly raise the risk.
• Fair Skin and Light Features: People with light skin, freckles, blond or red hair, and blue or green eyes are at higher risk.
• Family History: A genetic predisposition can increase melanoma risk.
• Atypical Moles: Having multiple or irregular moles (dysplastic nevi) raises the likelihood of melanoma.
• Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune function are more vulnerable.
• History of Sunburns: Severe, blistering sunburns, especially in childhood, increase melanoma risk.

How Is Melanoma Treated?

Treatment for melanoma depends on the stage at diagnosis:

• Surgical Excision: The primary treatment for early-stage melanoma, where the tumor is removed along with a margin of healthy skin.
• Mohs Surgery: Used in select cases, especially for thin melanomas in sensitive areas.
• Lymph Node Biopsy and Removal: If melanoma has spread to nearby lymph nodes, further surgical intervention may be required.
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight advanced melanoma.
• Targeted Therapy: Uses medications to target specific genetic mutations in melanoma cells.
• Radiation Therapy: Sometimes used for advanced or inoperable cases.
• Chemotherapy: Used in cases where melanoma has spread significantly.

Schedule an Appointment with a CutisCo Dermatology Provider

Early detection of melanoma is critical for successful treatment. If you notice an unusual or changing mole, follow the ABCDE rule—Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and Evolution. Schedule an appointment with a CutisCo Dermatology provider today for a skin exam and expert evaluation.